Fundamentals of Computer Science

About Book

This book 'Fundamentals of Computer Science' provides a complete introduction to computer concepts, architecture, software, and networking. It begins with the evolution of computers, describing their five generations, from vacuum tube systems to modern AI-driven devices. The initial chapters explain the characteristics, applications, and classification of computers, along with the functional block diagram, illustrating how the CPU, memory, input, and output units interact for data processing. Subsequent chapters cover software fundamentals, distinguishing between system software, application software, and utility programs. The book elaborates on operating systems—their types, functions, and structure—with special emphasis on Windows OS and its features like the desktop, icons, and taskbar. It also discusses computer languages and their translators— assemblers, interpreters, and compilers— highlighting how programs are written and executed. The final chapter focuses on computer networking, explaining the importance of communication systems in the digital world. It introduces key networking concepts such as LAN, MAN, and WAN, and describes the Internet, World Wide Web, web browsers, and email communication. It also covers data transmission media, including guided (twisted pair, coaxial, optical fiber) and unguided (radio, microwave, satellite) media, supported by diagrams and examples. Overall, the book combines theory with practical understanding, offering students a strong foundation in both hardware and software systems and preparing them for advanced study in information technology and modern computer applications